Londra’n\u0131n yoksul bir semtinde b\u00fcy\u00fcyen be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131ndaki bir \u00e7ocuk, ailesinin alarm saatini s\u00f6k\u00fcyor. \u0130\u00e7indeki di\u015fliler, yaylar, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck par\u00e7alar elinin alt\u0131nda yay\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00c7ocuk bunlar\u0131 korkuyla de\u011fil \u2014 hayranl\u0131kla izliyor. O an, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck saat\u00e7ilik devriminin tohumu at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
O \u00e7ocu\u011fun ad\u0131 George Daniels’t\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ve 1974’te \u2014 tam 250 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir suskunlu\u011fun ard\u0131ndan \u2014 saat\u00e7ili\u011fin kalbini yeniden icat etti.<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
\u00d6NCE ANLAYALIM: SAAT NEY\u0130N \u00dcZER\u0130NE KURULUDUR?<\/p>\n
Bir mekanik saatin i\u00e7inde y\u00fczlerce par\u00e7a var. Ama bunlar\u0131n hepsinin anlam\u0131n\u0131, i\u015flevini, varolu\u015f nedenini belirleyen tek bir mekanizma var: Ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f mekanizmas\u0131 \u2014 escapement.<\/p>\n
Ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f mekanizmas\u0131, bir saatin “kalbidir.” G\u00f6revi basit ama kritik: Kurmal\u0131 yaydan gelen enerjiyi d\u00fczenli, e\u015fit aral\u0131klarla serbest b\u0131rakmak. Bu d\u00fczenleme olmadan, yay t\u00fcm enerjisini bir anda bo\u015falt\u0131r. Saat de\u011fil, yaln\u0131zca d\u00f6nen bir \u00e7ark kal\u0131r elinizde.<\/p>\n
Ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f mekanizmas\u0131, zaman\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7er. Ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f mekanizmas\u0131, saatin ruhudur.<\/p>\n
Ve 1754’ten bu yana \u2014 tam 220 y\u0131l boyunca \u2014 bu ruh hep ayn\u0131 kald\u0131: \u0130ngiliz saat\u00e7i Thomas Mudge’\u0131n icat etti\u011fi lever ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f mekanizmas\u0131.<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
220 YILLIK H\u00c2KIMIYET<\/p>\n
Lever ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f mekanizmas\u0131, saat\u00e7ilik tarihinin en ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 icatlar\u0131ndan biridir. G\u00fcvenilir, kendili\u011finden ba\u015flayan, \u00fcretimi nispeten kolay.<\/p>\n
Ama bir kusuru var.<\/p>\n
Bir kusuru ki, bu kusur 220 y\u0131l boyunca g\u00f6rmezden gelindi, kabul edildi, ya\u015fan\u0131lan bir ger\u00e7ek olarak benimsendi:<\/p>\n
Ya\u011f gerektiriyor.<\/p>\n
Lever ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f mekanizmas\u0131nda, palet ta\u015flar ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f \u00e7ark\u0131n\u0131n di\u015flerine s\u00fcrt\u00fcnerek enerji aktar\u0131yor. Bu s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme a\u015f\u0131nmaya neden oluyor. A\u015f\u0131nmay\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in ya\u011f gerekiyor. Ya\u011f zamanla bozuluyor, koyula\u015f\u0131yor, kuruyuyor. Kuruyunca s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme art\u0131yor, hassasiyet d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor, saat servise giriyor.<\/p>\n
Bu d\u00f6ng\u00fc \u2014 ya\u011fla, servisler, yeniden ya\u011flama, yeniden servis \u2014 mekanik saat\u00e7ili\u011fin kabul edilmi\u015f yazg\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131. “B\u00f6yle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor” deniyordu. “Ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc olmaz.”<\/p>\n
George Daniels bu c\u00fcmleye inanmad\u0131.<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
GEORGE DANIELS: \u00c7OCUKLU\u011eUNDAN DEHALI\u011e\u0131na<\/p>\n
1926’da Londra’n\u0131n yoksul bir mahallesinde do\u011fdu. Ailesi saat tamir ettirmeyi bile l\u00fcks sayan bir aileydi. Ama k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck George’un elleri, mekanik \u015feylerin i\u00e7inde bamba\u015fka bir d\u00fcnya buluyordu.<\/p>\n
Sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131nda askere al\u0131nd\u0131. Mekanik becerilerini orduda geli\u015ftirdi. Sonra horoloji okuluna gitti. Ve sonra \u2014 sabah alt\u0131dan ak\u015fam onbirlerine kadar \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak, tek ba\u015f\u0131na, tek bir at\u00f6lyede \u2014 tarihin en b\u00fcy\u00fck saat ustalar\u0131ndan biri haline geldi.<\/p>\n
Her saatini s\u0131f\u0131rdan yap\u0131yordu. Her di\u015fliyi, her yay\u0131, her viday\u0131. Breguet’nin metodunu \u00f6\u011frendi, i\u00e7selle\u015ftirdi, a\u015ft\u0131. O kadar derine indi ki Breguet’nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na, kimsenin g\u00f6remedi\u011fi \u015feyleri g\u00f6rmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ve bir g\u00fcn, lever ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n o kadim sorununu yeniden g\u00f6zlemledi: S\u00fcrt\u00fcnme. Ya\u011f. Bozulma. Servis.<\/p>\n
“Bu b\u00f6yle olmak zorunda de\u011fil” dedi.<\/p>\n
Ve ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
1974: \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcM MASADAN \u00c7IKIYOR<\/p>\n
Y\u0131llar s\u00fcren hesaplamalar, denemeler, ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131klar ve yeniden ba\u015flamalar.<\/p>\n
1974’te George Daniels, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n o g\u00fcne kadar g\u00f6rmedi\u011fi bir ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 tamamlad\u0131: Co-Axial escapement \u2014 E\u015f Eksenli Ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f Mekanizmas\u0131.<\/p>\n
Prensibi \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir:<\/p>\n
Geleneksel lever ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f mekanizmas\u0131nda, enerji aktar\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f \u00e7ark\u0131n\u0131n di\u015fleri palet ta\u015flara “kayarak” temas ediyor. Bu kayma, s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme yarat\u0131yor. S\u00fcrt\u00fcnme, ya\u011f istiyor.<\/p>\n
Daniels’\u0131n tasar\u0131m\u0131nda ise enerji aktar\u0131m\u0131 “itmek” yoluyla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor \u2014 kaymak de\u011fil. \u0130ki \u00e7ark, ayn\u0131 eksen \u00fczerinde konumland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u2014 bu y\u00fczden “e\u015f eksenli.” Enerji, radyal bir hareketle aktar\u0131l\u0131yor ve bu hareket s\u0131ras\u0131nda y\u00fczeyler birbirine s\u00fcrt\u00fcnm\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7: S\u00fcrt\u00fcnme dramatik bi\u00e7imde azal\u0131yor. Ya\u011f ihtiyac\u0131 neredeyse s\u0131f\u0131ra iniyor. Servis aral\u0131klar\u0131 uzuyor \u2014 geleneksel saatlerde 3-5 y\u0131lda bir servis gerekiyorken, Co-Axial mekanizmal\u0131 saatler 8-10 y\u0131l servissiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabiliyor.<\/p>\n
Ve en \u00f6nemlisi: Hassasiyet art\u0131yor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme azald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, enerji aktar\u0131m\u0131 daha tutarl\u0131 hale geliyor. Tutarl\u0131 enerji, tutarl\u0131 titre\u015fim demek. Tutarl\u0131 titre\u015fim, do\u011fru zaman demek.<\/p>\n
Daniels bu icad\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc biliyordu. “\u0130cad\u0131m\u0131n di\u011ferlerinden \u00fcst\u00fcn oldu\u011funu hemen anlad\u0131m” dedi. Kibir de\u011fildi bu. Ger\u00e7ekti.<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
\u0130SV\u0130\u00c7RE’N\u0130N REDD\u0130: TAR\u0130H\u0130N EN B\u00dcY\u00dcK HATASI<\/p>\n
1974. Daniels tasar\u0131m\u0131 tamamlad\u0131. Ve \u0130svi\u00e7re’ye gitti.<\/p>\n
Rolex’e g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc. Patek Philippe’e g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc. Di\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fck markalara g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Hepsi reddetti.<\/p>\n
Neden?<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc 1974, Quartz Kriziyle tam ortas\u0131yd\u0131. Seiko’nun quartz saatleri, \u0130svi\u00e7re saat\u00e7ili\u011fini parampar\u00e7a etmi\u015fti. Binlerce i\u015f\u00e7i i\u015fini kaybetmi\u015fti. Markalar kapan\u0131yordu. \u0130svi\u00e7re’nin zihninde tek bir soru vard\u0131: Quartz’a nas\u0131l yan\u0131t verilir?<\/p>\n
Bu ortamda, bir \u0130ngiliz ustas\u0131n\u0131n 220 y\u0131ll\u0131k mekanik bir problemi \u00e7\u00f6zen yeni ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f mekanizmas\u0131 kimsenin radar\u0131na girmedi. “Mekanik saatler zaten \u00f6l\u00fcyor” denildi. “Bu icat ne i\u015fe yarayacak?”<\/p>\n
Daniels y\u0131lmad\u0131. 25 y\u0131l boyunca kap\u0131 kap\u0131 dola\u015ft\u0131. Sunum yapt\u0131, anlatt\u0131, g\u00f6sterdi. Ve kap\u0131lar kapand\u0131, kapand\u0131, kapand\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ama Daniels, kendi saatlerini yapmaya devam etti. Tek tek, elle, kendi at\u00f6lyesinde.<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
1999: OMEGA’NIN CESARETI<\/p>\n
25 y\u0131l sonra \u2014 1999’da \u2014 Swatch Group’un CEO’su Nicolas Hayek, Co-Axial ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131n ald\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ve Omega, bu mekanizmay\u0131 seriyse \u00fcretmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u0130lk \u00fcr\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir seri Omega De Ville’di \u2014 999 adet. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk seri \u00fcretim Co-Axial saati. Saat\u00e7ilik d\u00fcnyas\u0131 bu an i\u00e7in bir isim buldu: “Lever escapement’tan bu yana mekanik tasar\u0131mda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen en b\u00fcy\u00fck ilerleme.”<\/p>\n
250 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir sessizlik bozulmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
Bug\u00fcn Omega’n\u0131n neredeyse t\u00fcm mekanik saatleri Co-Axial veya geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f versiyonu olan Master Co-Axial mekanizmas\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Bu mekanizma, Omega’n\u0131n “Master Chronometer” sertifikas\u0131n\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n
Ve George Daniels, Man Adas\u0131’ndaki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck at\u00f6lyesinde, her g\u00fcn saatlerini yapmaya devam etti.<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
DEVR\u0130M\u0130N B\u00dcY\u00dcKL\u00dc\u011e\u00dcN\u00dc ANLAMAK<\/p>\n
Saat\u00e7ili\u011fin tarihine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda baz\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktalar\u0131 var:<\/p>\n
1657 \u2014 Christiaan Huygens, balans yay\u0131n\u0131 icat etti. Saatler ilk kez dakika g\u00f6stergesi kazand\u0131.
\n1754 \u2014 Thomas Mudge, lever ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 icat etti. 220 y\u0131l boyunca de\u011fi\u015fmeyecek bir standart kuruldu.
\n1801 \u2014 Abraham-Louis Breguet, tourbillon’u icat etti. Yer\u00e7ekiminin etkisini azaltan d\u00f6ner kafes.
\n1969 \u2014 Seiko, ilk quartz saati piyasaya s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Mekanik saat\u00e7ilik krizine girdi.
\n1974 \u2014 George Daniels, Co-Axial ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 tasarlad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Bu listede Daniels’\u0131n icad\u0131, Breguet’nin tourbillonundan bile daha devrimcidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc tourbillon, mevcut sistemi geli\u015ftirdi. Daniels ise sistemi yeniden kurdu.<\/p>\n
Tourbillon yer\u00e7ekiminin etkisini azalt\u0131r \u2014 ama ya\u011f sorununu \u00e7\u00f6zmez. Co-Axial ise saatin en temel sorununu \u2014 s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme ve ya\u011f ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u2014 \u00e7\u00f6zd\u00fc.<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
B\u0130R ADAM, B\u0130R AT\u00d6LYE, TAR\u0130H<\/p>\n
George Daniels, 2011’de hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. Man Adas\u0131’ndaki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck at\u00f6lyesinde, \u00f6mr\u00fc boyunca elle \u00fcretti\u011fi saatlerin say\u0131s\u0131 yaln\u0131zca birka\u00e7 d\u00fczineyi ge\u00e7miyordu.<\/p>\n
Ama b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 miras, onlarca y\u0131lda milyonlarca saati etkileyen bir mekanizmayd\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u0130ngiliz h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ona 1981’de MBE, 2010’da CBE verdi. Bir saat\u00e7iye verilen en y\u00fcksek devlet onuruydu. Watchmaking adl\u0131 kitab\u0131 bug\u00fcn h\u00e2l\u00e2 saat\u00e7ilik d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n kutsal metinlerinden biri say\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Ama belki en g\u00fczel an \u015fuydu: 1974’te Speeedmaster’\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ine kendi elleriyle yerle\u015ftirdi\u011fi Co-Axial prototip \u2014 Omega’n\u0131n m\u00fczesinde sergileniyor. Saat\u00e7ili\u011fin gelece\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131yan o k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck mekanizma, cam bir kutu i\u00e7inde duruyor. Ve her g\u00fcn, binlerce ziyaret\u00e7i \u00f6n\u00fcnden ge\u00e7iyor.<\/p>\n
\u00c7o\u011fu ne g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc tam olarak anlamadan.<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
SORU: GER\u00c7EKTEN EN B\u00dcY\u00dcK DEVR\u0130M BU MU?<\/p>\n
Bu soru tart\u0131\u015f\u0131labilir. Ve tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131.<\/p>\n
Quartz devrimi daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sars\u0131nt\u0131 yaratt\u0131 \u2014 milyarlarca insan\u0131n saat kullan\u0131m al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi, \u0130svi\u00e7re saat\u00e7ili\u011fini neredeyse yoketti, sonra Swatch ile yeniden do\u011furdu.<\/p>\n
Lever ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n icad\u0131 daha temel bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmd\u00fc \u2014 modern mekanik saatin altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kurdu.<\/p>\n
Ama Co-Axial ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f mekanizmas\u0131, farkl\u0131 bir anlam ta\u015f\u0131yor. Quartz devrimi d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan geldi \u2014 Seiko, elektronik, teknoloji. Lever ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f mekanizmas\u0131 ise 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcyd\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Co-Axial ise tamamen i\u00e7eriden do\u011fdu. Bir usta, mevcut sistemin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Tek ba\u015f\u0131na, 25 y\u0131l boyunca reddedilmeye ra\u011fmen, o s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Bu y\u00fczden Co-Axial ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f mekanizmas\u0131, teknik bir ilerleme de\u011fil \u2014 bir irade hik\u00e2yesidir. Bir adam\u0131n “b\u00f6yle olmak zorunda de\u011fil” deme cesaretidir.<\/p>\n
Ve bu cesaret, belki de herhangi bir mekanik icattan daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir devrim.<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
SONU\u00c7: ZAMAN\u0131 DURDURMAK \u0130STEYEN ADAM<\/p>\n
Be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131ndaki George, alarm saatini s\u00f6kerken ne hissetti, bilemeyiz.<\/p>\n
Ama 48 ya\u015f\u0131nda Co-Axial tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ne hissetti\u011fini biliyoruz.<\/p>\n
“\u0130cad\u0131m\u0131n di\u011ferlerinden \u00fcst\u00fcn oldu\u011funu hemen anlad\u0131m” dedi.<\/p>\n
Ve hakl\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Sadece kimse hemen dinlemedi.<\/p>\n
Bu, saat\u00e7ili\u011fin en b\u00fcy\u00fck devriminin hik\u00e2yesi. Bir dehan\u0131n hik\u00e2yesi. Ve belki de en \u00f6nemlisi \u2014 do\u011fru olan\u0131n, eninde sonunda kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hik\u00e2yesi.<\/p>\n
Zaman\u0131n stili bilekte ba\u015flar. \u2014 kolundanevar<\/p>\n
get out the shower, dry your back, it\u2019s a cold world out there.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Londra’n\u0131n yoksul bir semtinde b\u00fcy\u00fcyen be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131ndaki bir \u00e7ocuk, ailesinin alarm saatini s\u00f6k\u00fcyor. \u0130\u00e7indeki di\u015fliler, yaylar, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck par\u00e7alar elinin alt\u0131nda yay\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00c7ocuk bunlar\u0131 korkuyla de\u011fil \u2014 hayranl\u0131kla izliyor. O an, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck saat\u00e7ilik devriminin tohumu at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. O \u00e7ocu\u011fun ad\u0131 George Daniels’t\u0131. Ve 1974’te \u2014 tam 250 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir suskunlu\u011fun ard\u0131ndan \u2014 saat\u00e7ili\u011fin kalbini …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":913,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[19],"class_list":["post-966","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tie-tech","tag-yasam-tarzi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolundanevar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/966","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolundanevar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolundanevar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolundanevar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolundanevar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=966"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kolundanevar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/966\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1070,"href":"https:\/\/kolundanevar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/966\/revisions\/1070"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolundanevar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/913"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolundanevar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=966"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolundanevar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=966"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolundanevar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=966"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}